Italian grammar

Italian Numbers, Time and Dates

Cover: Italian numbers, a clock showing Sono le due, and a calendar with il primo marzo
Short answer

Italian uses cardinal numbers for counting and for dates. For the clock, one o'clock is singular (È l'una) and every other hour is plural (Sono le due). Dates are day-month-year with il + a cardinal number, except il primo for the 1st.

Level: A1. Numbers, the clock and the calendar come up on your very first day in Italy — buying tickets, asking prices, making plans. The good news: Italian numbers are regular, and the clock and date follow two small patterns you can learn in one sitting.

The rule

A cardinal number is a counting number (one, two, three). Italian uses cardinals both to count and to write dates — there is no “first, second, third” on the calendar except for the very first day of the month.

Three patterns do most of the work:

  1. Counting. Learn 0–20 as words, then the tens (venti, trenta, quaranta…). Build the rest by joining the ten and the unit: ventitré, trentacinque.
  2. The clock. Ask Che ora è? or Che ore sono? Answer with the verb essere: È l’una for one o’clock (singular) and Sono le + number for every other hour (Sono le due).
  3. The date. Day comes before month: il + cardinal number + month, with the month in lowercase (il 3 maggio). Only the 1st uses an ordinal: il primo.

The numbers

Number Italian Number Italian
0 zero 11 undici
1 uno 12 dodici
2 due 13 tredici
3 tre 16 sedici
4 quattro 17 diciassette
5 cinque 20 venti
6 sei 21 ventuno
7 sette 23 ventitré
8 otto 30 trenta
9 nove 100 cento
10 dieci 1000 mille

When you add uno (1) or otto (8) to a ten, the ten drops its final vowel: venti + uno → ventuno, venti + otto → ventotto, trenta + uno → trentuno. The plural of mille is mila: duemila (2000).

Telling the time

Clock Italian
1:00 È l’una
2:00 Sono le due
3:15 Sono le tre e un quarto
7:30 Sono le sette e mezza
8:45 Sono le nove meno un quarto
12:00 (noon) È mezzogiorno
00:00 (midnight) È mezzanotte

Add minutes with e (and): sono le tre e dieci (3:10). From about forty minutes, Italians usually count down to the next hour with meno (minus): sono le quattro meno dieci (3:50, “four minus ten”). un quarto is a quarter and mezza (or mezzo) is half.

To say at a time, contract the preposition a with the article: all’una (at 1:00), alle due (at 2:00), a mezzogiorno (at noon). For a range use dalle … alle …: dalle nove alle diciotto (from 9:00 to 18:00). Timetables, tickets and opening hours use the 24-hour clock: le 20:30, though in speech people still say le otto e mezza.

Dates

Italian dates run day – month – year. Use il + a cardinal number + the month (lowercase):

  • il 3 maggio — 3 May
  • il 15 gennaio 2025 — 15 January 2025

The one exception is the first of the month, which takes the ordinal primo: il primo marzo (1 March), but il due marzo, il tre marzo after that. Ask the date with Che giorno è oggi? or, more colloquially, Quanti ne abbiamo oggi?

How to say it

A few number and time words trip up English speakers:

  • c before e/i in cinque, dieci, undici: a “ch” sound — cinque = “CHEEN-kweh”.
  • gi in giugno, mezzogiorno: a soft “j” — giugno = “JOON-yo”.
  • zz in mezza, mezzogiorno: a “ts/dz” sound — mezza = “MED-dza”.
  • tré in ventitré, trentatré: the final é carries a written accent and is stressed — “ven-tee-TREH”.
  • Double consonants in sette, otto, quattro are held longer than a single one.

Example sentences

  1. Ho ventuno anni.
    I am twenty-one years old.
    ventuno drops the vowel of venti
  2. Ci sono trentuno giorni a marzo.
    There are thirty-one days in March.
    trentuno = trenta + uno
  3. Costa ventotto euro.
    It costs twenty-eight euros.
    ventotto, no vowel before otto
  4. Che ora è?
    What time is it?
    singular question form
  5. Che ore sono?
    What time is it?
    plural question form, equally common
  6. È l'una.
    It's one o'clock.
    one o'clock is singular: è l'una
  7. Sono le due.
    It's two o'clock.
    every other hour is plural: sono le
  8. Sono le tre e un quarto.
    It's a quarter past three.
    e un quarto = and a quarter
  9. Sono le sette e mezza.
    It's half past seven.
    e mezza = and a half
  10. Sono le nove meno un quarto.
    It's a quarter to nine.
    meno = counting down to the next hour
  11. È mezzogiorno.
    It's noon.
    singular, no article
  12. È mezzanotte.
    It's midnight.
    singular, no article
  13. Il treno parte alle otto e venti.
    The train leaves at 8:20.
    alle = a + le, 'at'
  14. Il negozio è aperto dalle nove alle diciotto.
    The shop is open from 9:00 to 18:00.
    dalle ... alle = from ... to; 24-hour clock
  15. Oggi è il tre maggio.
    Today is the third of May.
    cardinal number, month lowercase
  16. Il mio compleanno è il primo gennaio.
    My birthday is the first of January.
    primo = ordinal, only for the 1st
  17. Ci vediamo il quindici agosto.
    See you on the fifteenth of August.
    il + cardinal + month
  18. L'appuntamento è a mezzogiorno.
    The appointment is at noon.
    a mezzogiorno = at noon

Common mistakes

  • ❌ Sono le una. → ✅ È l’una. One o’clock is singular and takes è with the elided article l’.
  • ❌ È le due. → ✅ Sono le due. Every hour except one is plural: sono le.
  • ❌ il terzo maggio (for a date) → ✅ il tre maggio. Dates use cardinal numbers, not ordinals.
  • ❌ il uno marzo → ✅ il primo marzo. The 1st is the single exception and uses primo.
  • ❌ ventiuno, ventiotto → ✅ ventuno, ventotto. The ten drops its vowel before uno and otto.
  • ❌ il 3 Maggio → ✅ il 3 maggio. Months are lowercase in Italian.

A short conversation

— Scusa, che ore sono? (Excuse me, what time is it?) — Sono le due e mezza. (It’s half past two.) — Grazie. A che ora chiude il museo? (Thanks. What time does the museum close?) — Alle diciotto. E riapre domani, il tre maggio. (At 18:00. And it reopens tomorrow, the third of May.)

Usage notes

  • uno agrees like an article. As a counting word before a noun, uno behaves like the indefinite article: un libro (one/a book), una casa (one/a house). The other numbers do not change.
  • tré takes an accent in compounds. Tre alone has no accent, but ventitré, trentatré, quarantatré all carry a written é and stress the final syllable.
  • mezza or mezzo. Both are heard for “half past”: le sette e mezza and le sette e mezzo are equally correct.
  • No am/pm. Italian has no a.m./p.m. Add di mattina (morning), del pomeriggio (afternoon), di sera (evening) or di notte (night), or use the 24-hour clock.
  • Habit with the article + weekday. Il lunedì means “on Mondays” (every Monday); lunedì alone means “on Monday” (this coming one).

Compared with ordinal numbers

Ordinals (primo, secondo, terzo — first, second, third) are the numbers that rank things, and they agree in gender and number like adjectives: il primo piano (the first floor), la terza volta (the third time). On the calendar you use them only for the 1st (il primo); every other day uses a plain cardinal (il due, il tre). You will meet the article forms behind l’una and le due in Italian definite articles, and the verb è / sono in the present tense of essere.

Recap card for Italian numbers, time and dates with a friendly study buddy

Quick recap before the quiz.

Practice

Practice

Italian numbers, time and dates practice

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1 How do you say 'It's one o'clock'?
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È l'una. — One o'clock is singular: È l'una.

Hint: plural of essere

Show answer

Sono — Every hour except one is plural: Sono le due.

Hint: venti loses its final vowel before uno

Show answer

ventuno — venti + uno = ventuno.

4 Build the date 'the first of March'.

Show answer

il primo marzo — The 1st uses the ordinal primo: il primo marzo.

5 Match each time to its Italian.

  • noon
  • midnight
  • at 2:00
  • a quarter past
Show answer
  • noon → è mezzogiorno
  • midnight → è mezzanotte
  • at 2:00 → alle due
  • a quarter past → e un quarto

Noon/midnight are singular; alle = at; e un quarto = quarter past.

6 Which date is written correctly?
Show answer

il tre maggio — Cardinal number and a lowercase month: il tre maggio.

Quiz

Check yourself

Italian numbers, time and dates

12 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.

0/12 0 answered
  1. 1'What time is it?' can be…
    Show answer

    both Che ora è? and Che ore sono? — Both questions are standard and interchangeable.

  2. 2One o'clock is…
    Show answer

    È l'una — Singular: È l'una.

  3. 3Seven o'clock is…
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    Sono le sette — Plural: Sono le sette.

  4. 4How is 28 written as one word?
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    ventotto — venti drops its vowel before otto: ventotto.

  5. 5'A quarter to nine' is…
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    sono le nove meno un quarto — meno counts down to the next hour: le nove meno un quarto.

  6. 6Noon is…
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    è mezzogiorno — Singular, no article: è mezzogiorno.

  7. 7'At two o'clock' is…
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    alle due — a + le contracts to alle: alle due.

  8. 8Which day of the month uses an ordinal?
    Show answer

    the 1st (il primo) — Only the 1st: il primo; the rest are cardinals.

  9. Show answer

    maggio — Months are lowercase: il tre maggio.

  10. 10Months in Italian dates are…
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    always lowercase — Italian keeps months lowercase: il 3 maggio.

  11. 11The plural of mille (1000) is…
    Show answer

    mila (duemila) — mille becomes mila: duemila = 2000.

  12. 12Timetables and tickets use…
    Show answer

    the 24-hour clock — Official times use the 24-hour clock: le 20:30.

Recap cheat-sheet

Thing Pattern Example
1 o’clock è + l’una (singular) È l’una.
other hours sono le + number Sono le due.
noon / midnight è (singular), no article È mezzogiorno.
at a time a + article alle due, all’una
date il + cardinal + month il tre maggio
the 1st il primo (ordinal) il primo gennaio

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81 topics 14 ready now
A1 18 topics · 14 ready
  1. 01 Italian Definite Articles (il, la, i, le)
  2. 02 Italian Indefinite Articles (un, una)
  3. 03 Noun Gender and Number
  4. 04 The Verb Essere (to be)
  5. 05 The Verb Avere (to have)
  6. 06 Subject Pronouns (io, tu, lui, lei)
  7. 07 Present Tense: -are Verbs
  8. 08 Present Tense: -ere Verbs
  9. 09 Present Tense: -ire Verbs (and -isc-)
  10. 10 Plural of Nouns and Adjectives
  11. 11 Adjective Agreement and Position
  12. 12 C'è and Ci sono (there is/are)
  13. 13 Question Words (chi, che, dove, quando)
  14. 14 Numbers, Time and Dates You are here
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  8. 26 Simple Prepositions (di, a, da, in) Coming soon
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  12. 30 Comparatives (più, meno, come) Coming soon
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  20. 38 Stare per + Infinitive (About To) Coming soon
  21. 39 Forming Adverbs with -mente Coming soon
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  8. 49 Formal Imperative (Lei) & with Pronouns Coming soon
  9. 50 The Gerund: Uses and Past Gerund Coming soon
  10. 51 The Past Conditional (Condizionale Passato) Coming soon
  11. 52 Pronoun Placement with Infinitive/Imperative Coming soon
  12. 53 Comparative & Superlative Irregulars Coming soon
  13. 54 Impersonal Verbs (bisogna, basta, sembra) Coming soon
  14. 55 Future of Probability (Suppositional) Coming soon
  15. 56 Altered Words (-ino, -one, -accio) Coming soon
  16. 57 Relative chi and quello che Coming soon
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  18. 59 Adverb Position (già, ancora, più, mai) Coming soon
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  2. 61 The Imperfect Subjunctive Coming soon
  3. 62 Perfect & Pluperfect Subjunctive Coming soon
  4. 63 The Three Hypothetical Periods (periodo ipotetico) Coming soon
  5. 64 Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Coming soon
  6. 65 Passive Voice (essere / venire / andare) Coming soon
  7. 66 Conjunctions Requiring the Subjunctive Coming soon
  8. 67 Advanced Relatives (il quale, cui possessive) Coming soon
  9. 68 Reported Speech (Discorso Indiretto) Coming soon
  10. 69 The Remote Past (Passato Remoto) Coming soon
  11. 70 Causative Construction (fare + infinitive) Coming soon
  12. 71 Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns Coming soon
  13. 72 Concession: anche se vs benché Coming soon
  14. 73 Gerund vs Infinitive as Subject/Complement Coming soon
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  1. 74 Independent & Optative Subjunctive Coming soon
  2. 75 Advanced Sequence of Tenses Coming soon
  3. 76 Nominalisation & Formal Register Coming soon
  4. 77 Advanced Connectives & Cohesion Coming soon
  5. 78 Absolute Participle & Implicit Clauses Coming soon
  6. 79 Pronominal Verbs (farcela, andarsene) Coming soon
  7. 80 Dislocation & Emphasis Coming soon
  8. 81 Register, Style and Bureaucratic Italian Coming soon