Italian grammar

Present Tense: -are Verbs

Cover: Italian -are verbs present tense, with endings -o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano
Short answer

Regular Italian -are verbs drop the -are and add -o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano. So parlare (to speak) gives parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano. This is the biggest and most regular verb group.

Level: A1. Most Italian verbs end in -are (parlare, abitare, lavorare), and they follow one simple pattern. Learn these six endings once and you can use hundreds of verbs in the present tense.

The rule

An infinitive is the basic, unconjugated form of a verb — the one you find in a dictionary, like parlare (“to speak”). To use it in the present tense you remove the -are ending to find the stem (parl-), then add the ending that matches the subject.

The six present-tense endings for regular -are verbs are:

  • -o (io) — parlo — I speak
  • -i (tu) — parli — you speak (informal)
  • -a (lui / lei) — parla — he / she speaks
  • -iamo (noi) — parliamo — we speak
  • -ate (voi) — parlate — you (all) speak
  • -ano (loro) — parlano — they speak

Italian normally drops the subject pronoun, because the ending already shows who acts. Parlo italiano is a full sentence — “I speak Italian” — with no io. You add the pronoun back only for emphasis or contrast: Io parlo italiano, lei parla spagnolo.

One present-tense form covers English “I speak”, “I am speaking” and “I do speak” — Italian has just parlo for all three.

Forms

Subject Ending parlare (to speak) lavorare (to work)
io -o parlo lavoro
tu -i parli lavori
lui / lei -a parla lavora
noi -iamo parliamo lavoriamo
voi -ate parlate lavorate
loro -ano parlano lavorano

The -care / -gare and -ciare / -giare spelling changes

Two small spelling adjustments keep the sound right. They are not exceptions to the endings — only to the spelling.

  • -care / -gare add an h before the endings that start with i (the tu and noi forms), so the hard “k” and “g” sounds stay: cercare → cerco, cerchi, cerca, cerchiamo, cercate, cercano; pagare → pago, paghi, paga, paghiamo, pagate, pagano.
  • -ciare / -giare drop the extra i before those same endings, so you never write two i’s: mangiare → mangio, mangi, mangia, mangiamo, mangiate, mangiano; cominciare → comincio, cominci, comincia, cominciamo, cominciate, cominciano.

How to say it

Italian reads as written; watch these in -are verbs:

  • c / g before e or i are soft: comincia ≈ “ko-MIN-cha”, mangia ≈ “MAN-ja”. The added h keeps them hard: cerchi ≈ “KER-kee”.
  • Stress falls on the stem in most forms but on the ending in noi: parliamo ≈ “par-LYAH-mo”.
  • loro form is stressed early: parlano ≈ “PAR-la-no”, not “par-LA-no”.
  • Double consonants are held: aspettare → aspetto ≈ “as-PET-to”.

Example sentences

  1. Parlo un po' di italiano.
    I speak a little Italian.
    io, pronoun dropped
  2. Tu parli molto bene.
    You speak very well.
  3. Maria abita a Roma.
    Maria lives in Rome.
    abitare, lui/lei form
  4. Lavoriamo in un ufficio.
    We work in an office.
  5. Voi studiate l'italiano.
    You (all) study Italian.
  6. I bambini giocano nel parco.
    The children play in the park.
    loro form
  7. Ascolto la musica ogni sera.
    I listen to music every evening.
  8. Lei guarda la televisione.
    She watches television.
  9. Compriamo il pane.
    We buy the bread.
  10. Mangio una pizza stasera.
    I am eating a pizza tonight.
    mangiare: io mangio
  11. Tu mangi troppo!
    You eat too much!
    mangi, one i only
  12. Cerco le chiavi.
    I am looking for the keys.
    cercare
  13. Tu cerchi lavoro?
    Are you looking for work?
    cerchi, h added
  14. Paghiamo il conto.
    We are paying the bill.
    paghiamo, h added
  15. Il film comincia alle otto.
    The film starts at eight.
  16. Aspetto l'autobus.
    I am waiting for the bus.
  17. Loro amano l'Italia.
    They love Italy.
  18. Canti una canzone?
    Will you sing a song?
  19. Telefono a mia madre.
    I am calling my mother.
  20. Gli studenti arrivano tardi.
    The students arrive late.

Common mistakes

  • ❌ Io parlare italiano. → ✅ Parlo italiano. Conjugate the verb; do not leave it as the infinitive.
  • ❌ Tu cerci → ✅ Tu cerchi. -care adds an h before the -i ending to keep the hard k sound.
  • ❌ Noi pagiamo → ✅ Noi paghiamo. -gare adds an h before -iamo.
  • ❌ Tu mangii → ✅ Tu mangi. -giare drops the extra i; never write two i’s.
  • ❌ Loro parlàno (stressed on the -a-) → ✅ pàrlano. The loro form of -are verbs is stressed on the stem, early in the word.

A short conversation

— Ciao! Lavori oggi? — No, oggi studio italiano. E tu? — Io cerco un libro per la lezione. Mangiamo insieme dopo? — Va bene, paghiamo metà ciascuno.

Usage notes

  • -are is the biggest group. Most new verbs you meet, including borrowed ones, join it, so this pattern pays off constantly.
  • The present covers the near future too. Domani lavoro (“Tomorrow I work / I’m working”) is normal; a clear time word does the job.
  • Reflexive -are verbs add a pronoun but keep the endings: mi chiamo, ti chiami (chiamarsi, to be called).
  • A few -are verbs are irregular — andare (vado), fare (faccio), stare (sto), dare (do). Learn those separately; the rule here is for the regular ones.

Compared with -ere and -ire verbs

Italian has three verb groups by infinitive ending. The present endings differ mainly in the voi and loro forms:

  • -are (parlare): parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano.
  • -ere (prendere, to take): prendo, prendi, prende, prendiamo, prendete, prendono.
  • -ire (dormire, to sleep): dormo, dormi, dorme, dormiamo, dormite, dormono.

The io, tu, noi endings are the same across all three; only lui/lei (-a vs -e), voi (-ate/-ete/-ite) and loro (-ano/-ono) change. For the verb to be, see The Verb Essere (to be); for to have, see The Verb Avere (to have).

Recap card for the Italian -are verbs lesson with the six present endings and a friendly study buddy

Quick recap before the quiz.

Practice

Practice

-are verbs practice

Try each one, then press Check. No sign-up, nothing is sent anywhere — it all runs in your browser.

1 Complete: 'Io ___ italiano.' (parlare)
Show answer

parlo — io takes -o: parlo.

Hint: -care adds h before -i

Show answer

cerchi — cerchi keeps the hard c sound with an h.

3 Build: 'We work in an office.'

Show answer

Lavoriamo in un ufficio — noi form: lavoriamo (lavorare).

4 Match each subject to the parlare form.

  • io
  • tu
  • noi
  • loro
Show answer
  • io → parlo
  • tu → parli
  • noi → parliamo
  • loro → parlano

io parlo, tu parli, noi parliamo, loro parlano.

5 Which is correct for 'you (tu) eat'?
Show answer

mangi — -giare drops the extra i: tu mangi.

Quiz

Check yourself

Italian -are verbs quiz

12 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.

0/12 0 answered
  1. 1The ending for 'io' with -are verbs is…
    Show answer

    -o — io takes -o: parlo, lavoro, studio.

  2. 2'tu' + lavorare =
    Show answer

    lavori — tu takes -i: lavori.

  3. 3'lui/lei' + guardare =
    Show answer

    guarda — lui/lei takes -a: guarda.

  4. 4'noi' + abitare =
    Show answer

    abitiamo — noi takes -iamo: abitiamo.

  5. 5'voi' + parlare =
    Show answer

    parlate — voi takes -ate: parlate.

  6. 6'loro' + giocare =
    Show answer

    giocano — loro takes -ano: giocano.

  7. 7Why is it 'tu paghi', not 'tu pagi'?
    Show answer

    -gare adds h before -i to keep the hard g — -gare inserts h before endings starting with i.

  8. 8The correct 'noi' form of mangiare is…
    Show answer

    mangiamo — -giare drops the extra i: mangiamo (not mangiiamo).

  9. 9Which sentence is correct?
    Show answer

    Loro parlano italiano. — loro takes -ano: parlano.

  10. Show answer

    abita — lui/lei takes -a: abita.

  11. 11Why does Italian often leave out io, tu, lei?
    Show answer

    the ending already shows the subject — Italian is pro-drop: the verb ending identifies the subject.

  12. Show answer

    paghiamo — -gare adds h before -iamo: paghiamo.

Recap cheat-sheet

Subject Ending Example (parlare)
io / tu -o / -i parlo / parli
lui / lei -a parla
noi / voi -iamo / -ate parliamo / parlate
loro -ano parlano
-care/-gare add h (tu, noi) cerchi, paghiamo

Next

Your Italian course

All Italian grammar topics

Every grammar point in order, from your first sentence to advanced structures. Pick one and go straight to it. New lessons go live every day, so topics marked Coming soon fill in over the next weeks.

Grammar path

81 topics 12 ready now
A1 18 topics · 12 ready
  1. 01 Italian Definite Articles (il, la, i, le)
  2. 02 Italian Indefinite Articles (un, una)
  3. 03 Noun Gender and Number
  4. 04 The Verb Essere (to be)
  5. 05 The Verb Avere (to have)
  6. 06 Subject Pronouns (io, tu, lui, lei)
  7. 07 Present Tense: -are Verbs You are here
  8. 08 Present Tense: -ere Verbs
  9. 09 Present Tense: -ire Verbs (and -isc-)
  10. 10 Plural of Nouns and Adjectives
  11. 11 Adjective Agreement and Position
  12. 12 C'è and Ci sono (there is/are)
  13. 13 Question Words (chi, che, dove, quando) Coming soon
  14. 14 Numbers, Time and Dates Coming soon
  15. 15 Possessive Adjectives (il mio, la mia) Coming soon
  16. 16 Negation with non Coming soon
  17. 17 The Verb Piacere (to like) Coming soon
  18. 18 Quantity Adjectives/Adverbs (molto, troppo, poco) Coming soon
A2 23 topics
  1. 19 Passato Prossimo with Avere Coming soon
  2. 20 Passato Prossimo with Essere Coming soon
  3. 21 Irregular Past Participles Coming soon
  4. 22 Reflexive Verbs (alzarsi, lavarsi) Coming soon
  5. 23 Modal Verbs (potere, dovere, volere) Coming soon
  6. 24 Direct Object Pronouns (lo, la, li, le) Coming soon
  7. 25 Indirect Object Pronouns (gli, le) Coming soon
  8. 26 Simple Prepositions (di, a, da, in) Coming soon
  9. 27 Articulated Prepositions (del, nella, sul) Coming soon
  10. 28 The Imperfect Tense (Imperfetto) Coming soon
  11. 29 The Simple Future (Futuro Semplice) Coming soon
  12. 30 Comparatives (più, meno, come) Coming soon
  13. 31 Superlatives (il più, -issimo) Coming soon
  14. 32 The Imperative (tu, noi, voi) Coming soon
  15. 33 The Particles ci and ne Coming soon
  16. 34 Stare + Gerund (Present Progressive) Coming soon
  17. 35 C'è bisogno / Ci vuole (Need & Take Time) Coming soon
  18. 36 The Partitive (del, dei = some) Coming soon
  19. 37 Pre-Noun Forms: bello, buono, quello Coming soon
  20. 38 Stare per + Infinitive (About To) Coming soon
  21. 39 Forming Adverbs with -mente Coming soon
  22. 40 Time: da (since/for) and fa (ago) Coming soon
  23. 41 Double Negatives (non...niente, nessuno) Coming soon
B1 18 topics
  1. 42 Passato Prossimo vs Imperfetto Coming soon
  2. 43 Combined Pronouns (glielo, me lo) Coming soon
  3. 44 The Present Conditional (Condizionale) Coming soon
  4. 45 Impersonal and Passivante si Coming soon
  5. 46 Relative Pronouns (che, cui) Coming soon
  6. 47 The Future Perfect (Futuro Anteriore) Coming soon
  7. 48 The Past Perfect (Trapassato Prossimo) Coming soon
  8. 49 Formal Imperative (Lei) & with Pronouns Coming soon
  9. 50 The Gerund: Uses and Past Gerund Coming soon
  10. 51 The Past Conditional (Condizionale Passato) Coming soon
  11. 52 Pronoun Placement with Infinitive/Imperative Coming soon
  12. 53 Comparative & Superlative Irregulars Coming soon
  13. 54 Impersonal Verbs (bisogna, basta, sembra) Coming soon
  14. 55 Future of Probability (Suppositional) Coming soon
  15. 56 Altered Words (-ino, -one, -accio) Coming soon
  16. 57 Relative chi and quello che Coming soon
  17. 58 Ne with Quantities and Participle Agreement Coming soon
  18. 59 Adverb Position (già, ancora, più, mai) Coming soon
B2 14 topics
  1. 60 The Present Subjunctive (Congiuntivo) Coming soon
  2. 61 The Imperfect Subjunctive Coming soon
  3. 62 Perfect & Pluperfect Subjunctive Coming soon
  4. 63 The Three Hypothetical Periods (periodo ipotetico) Coming soon
  5. 64 Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Coming soon
  6. 65 Passive Voice (essere / venire / andare) Coming soon
  7. 66 Conjunctions Requiring the Subjunctive Coming soon
  8. 67 Advanced Relatives (il quale, cui possessive) Coming soon
  9. 68 Reported Speech (Discorso Indiretto) Coming soon
  10. 69 The Remote Past (Passato Remoto) Coming soon
  11. 70 Causative Construction (fare + infinitive) Coming soon
  12. 71 Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns Coming soon
  13. 72 Concession: anche se vs benché Coming soon
  14. 73 Gerund vs Infinitive as Subject/Complement Coming soon
C1 8 topics
  1. 74 Independent & Optative Subjunctive Coming soon
  2. 75 Advanced Sequence of Tenses Coming soon
  3. 76 Nominalisation & Formal Register Coming soon
  4. 77 Advanced Connectives & Cohesion Coming soon
  5. 78 Absolute Participle & Implicit Clauses Coming soon
  6. 79 Pronominal Verbs (farcela, andarsene) Coming soon
  7. 80 Dislocation & Emphasis Coming soon
  8. 81 Register, Style and Bureaucratic Italian Coming soon