Present Tense: -are Verbs
Regular Italian -are verbs drop the -are and add -o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano. So parlare (to speak) gives parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano. This is the biggest and most regular verb group.
Level: A1. Most Italian verbs end in -are (parlare, abitare, lavorare), and they follow one simple pattern. Learn these six endings once and you can use hundreds of verbs in the present tense.
The rule
An infinitive is the basic, unconjugated form of a verb — the one you find in a dictionary, like parlare (“to speak”). To use it in the present tense you remove the -are ending to find the stem (parl-), then add the ending that matches the subject.
The six present-tense endings for regular -are verbs are:
- -o (io) — parlo — I speak
- -i (tu) — parli — you speak (informal)
- -a (lui / lei) — parla — he / she speaks
- -iamo (noi) — parliamo — we speak
- -ate (voi) — parlate — you (all) speak
- -ano (loro) — parlano — they speak
Italian normally drops the subject pronoun, because the ending already shows who acts. Parlo italiano is a full sentence — “I speak Italian” — with no io. You add the pronoun back only for emphasis or contrast: Io parlo italiano, lei parla spagnolo.
One present-tense form covers English “I speak”, “I am speaking” and “I do speak” — Italian has just parlo for all three.
Forms
| Subject | Ending | parlare (to speak) | lavorare (to work) |
|---|---|---|---|
| io | -o | parlo | lavoro |
| tu | -i | parli | lavori |
| lui / lei | -a | parla | lavora |
| noi | -iamo | parliamo | lavoriamo |
| voi | -ate | parlate | lavorate |
| loro | -ano | parlano | lavorano |
The -care / -gare and -ciare / -giare spelling changes
Two small spelling adjustments keep the sound right. They are not exceptions to the endings — only to the spelling.
- -care / -gare add an h before the endings that start with i (the tu and noi forms), so the hard “k” and “g” sounds stay: cercare → cerco, cerchi, cerca, cerchiamo, cercate, cercano; pagare → pago, paghi, paga, paghiamo, pagate, pagano.
- -ciare / -giare drop the extra i before those same endings, so you never write two i’s: mangiare → mangio, mangi, mangia, mangiamo, mangiate, mangiano; cominciare → comincio, cominci, comincia, cominciamo, cominciate, cominciano.
How to say it
Italian reads as written; watch these in -are verbs:
- c / g before e or i are soft: comincia ≈ “ko-MIN-cha”, mangia ≈ “MAN-ja”. The added h keeps them hard: cerchi ≈ “KER-kee”.
- Stress falls on the stem in most forms but on the ending in noi: parliamo ≈ “par-LYAH-mo”.
- loro form is stressed early: parlano ≈ “PAR-la-no”, not “par-LA-no”.
- Double consonants are held: aspettare → aspetto ≈ “as-PET-to”.
Example sentences
- Parlo un po' di italiano.I speak a little Italian.io, pronoun dropped
- Tu parli molto bene.You speak very well.
- Maria abita a Roma.Maria lives in Rome.abitare, lui/lei form
- Lavoriamo in un ufficio.We work in an office.
- Voi studiate l'italiano.You (all) study Italian.
- I bambini giocano nel parco.The children play in the park.loro form
- Ascolto la musica ogni sera.I listen to music every evening.
- Lei guarda la televisione.She watches television.
- Compriamo il pane.We buy the bread.
- Mangio una pizza stasera.I am eating a pizza tonight.mangiare: io mangio
- Tu mangi troppo!You eat too much!mangi, one i only
- Cerco le chiavi.I am looking for the keys.cercare
- Tu cerchi lavoro?Are you looking for work?cerchi, h added
- Paghiamo il conto.We are paying the bill.paghiamo, h added
- Il film comincia alle otto.The film starts at eight.
- Aspetto l'autobus.I am waiting for the bus.
- Loro amano l'Italia.They love Italy.
- Canti una canzone?Will you sing a song?
- Telefono a mia madre.I am calling my mother.
- Gli studenti arrivano tardi.The students arrive late.
Common mistakes
- ❌ Io parlare italiano. → ✅ Parlo italiano. Conjugate the verb; do not leave it as the infinitive.
- ❌ Tu cerci → ✅ Tu cerchi. -care adds an h before the -i ending to keep the hard k sound.
- ❌ Noi pagiamo → ✅ Noi paghiamo. -gare adds an h before -iamo.
- ❌ Tu mangii → ✅ Tu mangi. -giare drops the extra i; never write two i’s.
- ❌ Loro parlàno (stressed on the -a-) → ✅ pàrlano. The loro form of -are verbs is stressed on the stem, early in the word.
A short conversation
— Ciao! Lavori oggi? — No, oggi studio italiano. E tu? — Io cerco un libro per la lezione. Mangiamo insieme dopo? — Va bene, paghiamo metà ciascuno.
Usage notes
- -are is the biggest group. Most new verbs you meet, including borrowed ones, join it, so this pattern pays off constantly.
- The present covers the near future too. Domani lavoro (“Tomorrow I work / I’m working”) is normal; a clear time word does the job.
- Reflexive -are verbs add a pronoun but keep the endings: mi chiamo, ti chiami (chiamarsi, to be called).
- A few -are verbs are irregular — andare (vado), fare (faccio), stare (sto), dare (do). Learn those separately; the rule here is for the regular ones.
Compared with -ere and -ire verbs
Italian has three verb groups by infinitive ending. The present endings differ mainly in the voi and loro forms:
- -are (parlare): parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano.
- -ere (prendere, to take): prendo, prendi, prende, prendiamo, prendete, prendono.
- -ire (dormire, to sleep): dormo, dormi, dorme, dormiamo, dormite, dormono.
The io, tu, noi endings are the same across all three; only lui/lei (-a vs -e), voi (-ate/-ete/-ite) and loro (-ano/-ono) change. For the verb to be, see The Verb Essere (to be); for to have, see The Verb Avere (to have).

Quick recap before the quiz.
Practice
-are verbs practice
Try each one, then press Check. No sign-up, nothing is sent anywhere — it all runs in your browser.
Hint: -care adds h before -i
Show answer
cerchi — cerchi keeps the hard c sound with an h.
3 Build: 'We work in an office.'
Show answer
Lavoriamo in un ufficio — noi form: lavoriamo (lavorare).
4 Match each subject to the parlare form.
- io
- tu
- noi
- loro
Show answer
- io → parlo
- tu → parli
- noi → parliamo
- loro → parlano
io parlo, tu parli, noi parliamo, loro parlano.
Quiz
Italian -are verbs quiz
12 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.
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-o — io takes -o: parlo, lavoro, studio.
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lavori — tu takes -i: lavori.
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guarda — lui/lei takes -a: guarda.
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abitiamo — noi takes -iamo: abitiamo.
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parlate — voi takes -ate: parlate.
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giocano — loro takes -ano: giocano.
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-gare adds h before -i to keep the hard g — -gare inserts h before endings starting with i.
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mangiamo — -giare drops the extra i: mangiamo (not mangiiamo).
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Loro parlano italiano. — loro takes -ano: parlano.
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abita — lui/lei takes -a: abita.
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the ending already shows the subject — Italian is pro-drop: the verb ending identifies the subject.
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paghiamo — -gare adds h before -iamo: paghiamo.
Recap cheat-sheet
| Subject | Ending | Example (parlare) |
|---|---|---|
| io / tu | -o / -i | parlo / parli |
| lui / lei | -a | parla |
| noi / voi | -iamo / -ate | parliamo / parlate |
| loro | -ano | parlano |
| -care/-gare | add h (tu, noi) | cerchi, paghiamo |
Next
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A1 18 topics · 12 ready
- 01 Italian Definite Articles (il, la, i, le)
- 02 Italian Indefinite Articles (un, una)
- 03 Noun Gender and Number
- 04 The Verb Essere (to be)
- 05 The Verb Avere (to have)
- 06 Subject Pronouns (io, tu, lui, lei)
- 07 Present Tense: -are Verbs You are here
- 08 Present Tense: -ere Verbs
- 09 Present Tense: -ire Verbs (and -isc-)
- 10 Plural of Nouns and Adjectives
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