Italian grammar

Present Tense: -ire Verbs (and -isc-)

Cover: Italian -ire verbs present tense, with examples dormo, parto, capisco, finisco
Short answer

Regular Italian -ire verbs take -o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ite, -ono, so dormire gives dormo, dormi, dorme, dormiamo, dormite, dormono. A large group inserts -isc- in every form except noi and voi: capire becomes capisco, capisci, capisce, capiamo, capite, capiscono.

Level: A1. The third Italian verb group ends in -ire (dormire, partire, capire). It has one twist the first two groups do not: a large set of verbs slips -isc- into most forms. Learn the two patterns side by side and the whole group falls into place.

The rule

An infinitive is the dictionary form of a verb, like dormire (“to sleep”). Remove the -ire to find the stem (dorm-), then add the ending that matches the subject.

The six present-tense endings for -ire verbs are:

  • -o (io) — dormo — I sleep
  • -i (tu) — dormi — you sleep (informal)
  • -e (lui / lei) — dorme — he / she sleeps
  • -iamo (noi) — dormiamo — we sleep
  • -ite (voi) — dormite — you (all) sleep
  • -ono (loro) — dormono — they sleep

That is the plain pattern, used by verbs like dormire, partire, sentire, aprire, offrire, seguire. As with every Italian verb, the ending shows who acts, so the subject pronoun is usually dropped: Dormo bene is a full sentence — “I sleep well.”

The -isc- group

Most -ire verbs belong to a second, larger set that adds -isc- between the stem and the ending — but only in the four forms where the stress would fall on the stem: io, tu, lui/lei and loro. The noi and voi forms stay plain:

  • capire (“to understand”) → capisco, capisci, capisce, capiamo, capite, capiscono.
  • finire (“to finish”) → finisco, finisci, finisce, finiamo, finite, finiscono.

So capiamo and capite have no -isc-, while the other four forms do.

Forms

Subject Ending dormire (plain) capire (-isc-)
io -o dormo capisco
tu -i dormi capisci
lui / lei -e dorme capisce
noi -iamo dormiamo capiamo
voi -ite dormite capite
loro -ono dormono capiscono

Common plain -ire verbs: dormire, partire, sentire, aprire, offrire, seguire, servire, soffrire. Common -isc- verbs: capire, finire, preferire, pulire, spedire, costruire, suggerire, restituire, guarire.

How to say it

Italian is read as written; watch these in -ire verbs:

  • -sc- before o or a is a hard “sk”: capisco ≈ “ka-PEES-ko”, finiscono ≈ “fee-NEES-ko-no”.
  • -sc- before i or e is a soft “sh”: capisci ≈ “ka-PEE-shee”, capisce ≈ “ka-PEE-sheh”.
  • Stress the loro form early: dòrmono ≈ “DOR-mo-no”, capìscono ≈ “ka-PEES-ko-no”, never on the last -o.
  • Final -e is pronounced: dorme ≈ “DOR-meh”, parte ≈ “PAR-teh”.

Example sentences

  1. Dormo otto ore ogni notte.
    I sleep eight hours every night.
    io, plain -ire
  2. A che ora parti domani?
    What time do you leave tomorrow?
    tu, partire
  3. Il treno parte alle nove.
    The train leaves at nine.
    lui/lei form
  4. Sentiamo la musica dalla strada.
    We hear the music from the street.
    noi, sentire
  5. Aprite le finestre, per favore.
    Open the windows, please.
    voi, aprire
  6. I bambini dormono già.
    The children are already asleep.
    loro, dormono
  7. Offro io il caffè oggi.
    I'm buying the coffee today.
    offrire
  8. Seguo un corso di italiano.
    I'm taking an Italian course.
    seguire
  9. Capisco l'italiano abbastanza bene.
    I understand Italian quite well.
    io, -isc-
  10. Capisci la domanda?
    Do you understand the question?
    tu, -isc- (soft sc)
  11. Lei non capisce il problema.
    She doesn't understand the problem.
    lui/lei, -isc-
  12. Capiamo la situazione.
    We understand the situation.
    noi, NO -isc-
  13. Voi capite tutto subito.
    You (all) understand everything at once.
    voi, NO -isc-
  14. Loro capiscono il francese.
    They understand French.
    loro, -isc-
  15. Finisco il lavoro alle sei.
    I finish work at six.
    finire, -isc-
  16. Finiamo la lezione adesso.
    We finish the lesson now.
    noi, NO -isc-
  17. Preferisco il tè al caffè.
    I prefer tea to coffee.
    preferire, -isc-
  18. Pulisci la cucina stasera?
    Are you cleaning the kitchen tonight?
    pulire, -isc-
  19. Spediscono il pacco domani.
    They are sending the parcel tomorrow.
    spedire, loro -isc-
  20. Costruiamo una casa nuova.
    We are building a new house.
    costruire, noi NO -isc-

Common mistakes

  • ❌ Io capo l’italiano. → ✅ Capisco l’italiano. capire is an -isc- verb: the io form is capisco, not capo.
  • ❌ Noi capisciamo. → ✅ Capiamo. The noi form never takes -isc-: just capiamo.
  • ❌ Voi capiscite. → ✅ Capite. The voi form stays plain and uses -ite: capite.
  • ❌ Voi dormete. → ✅ Dormite. The -ire voi ending is -ite, not the -ete of -ere verbs.
  • ❌ Loro finono. → ✅ Finiscono. finire keeps -isc- in the loro form: finiscono.

A short conversation

— A che ora parti domani? — Parto presto, alle sette. E tu, capisci gli orari dei treni? — Sì, capisco. Prima finisco la colazione e poi dormo ancora un’ora. — Va bene. Apriamo la finestra? Fa caldo.

Usage notes

  • io, tu, noi echo the other groups. -o, -i, -iamo are shared with -are and -ere, so only voi (-ite) and the -isc- insert are really new.
  • The present covers the near future: Domani parto (“Tomorrow I’m leaving”) is normal with a time word.
  • No rule predicts the -isc- group. Dictionaries and courses mark it; high-frequency capire, finire, preferire, pulire all take it, while dormire, partire, sentire, aprire do not.
  • A few -ire verbs are irregular — venire, uscire, dire, salire. Learn those one by one; the two patterns here cover the regular ones.

Compared with -are and -ere verbs

Italian has three verb groups. The present endings differ only in lui/lei, voi and loro:

  • -are (parlare): parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano.
  • -ere (prendere): prendo, prendi, prende, prendiamo, prendete, prendono.
  • -ire (dormire): dormo, dormi, dorme, dormiamo, dormite, dormono.

So -ere and -ire share lui/lei (-e) and loro (-ono); they split only at voi (-ete vs -ite) — and -ire adds the optional -isc-. Review the first two groups in Present tense: -are verbs and Present tense: -ere verbs, plus the key irregulars essere and avere.

Recap card for the Italian -ire verbs lesson with the plain and -isc- endings and a friendly study buddy

Quick recap before the quiz.

Practice

Practice

-ire verbs practice

Try each one, then press Check. No sign-up, nothing is sent anywhere — it all runs in your browser.

1 Complete: 'Io ___ l'italiano.' (capire)
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capisco — capire is an -isc- verb: io capisco.

Hint: noi never takes -isc-

Show answer

capiamo — The noi form stays plain: capiamo.

3 Build: 'The train leaves at nine.'

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Il treno parte alle nove — lui/lei form of partire (plain -ire): parte.

4 Match each subject to the capire form.

  • io
  • noi
  • voi
  • loro
Show answer
  • io → capisco
  • noi → capiamo
  • voi → capite
  • loro → capiscono

io/loro take -isc- (capisco, capiscono); noi/voi stay plain (capiamo, capite).

5 Which voi form is correct?
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dormite — The -ire voi ending is -ite: dormite (not the -ere -ete).

Quiz

Check yourself

Italian -ire verbs quiz

12 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.

0/12 0 answered
  1. 1The ending for 'io' with -ire verbs is…
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    -o — io takes -o: dormo, parto, capisco.

  2. 2'tu' + dormire =
    Show answer

    dormi — tu takes -i: dormi.

  3. 3'voi' + dormire =
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    dormite — The -ire voi ending is -ite: dormite.

  4. 4In which forms does 'capire' take -isc-?
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    io, tu, lui/lei and loro — -isc- appears in io, tu, lui/lei and loro; noi and voi stay plain.

  5. 5'noi' + capire =
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    capiamo — noi never takes -isc-: capiamo.

  6. 6'loro' + finire =
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    finiscono — loro keeps -isc-: finiscono.

  7. 7Which is correct?
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    Voi capite. — voi stays plain with -ite: capite.

  8. 8'lui/lei' + partire =
    Show answer

    parte — lui/lei takes -e: parte.

  9. 9Why is 'capisci' a soft 'sh' but 'capisco' a hard 'sk'?
    Show answer

    sc is soft before i/e and hard before o/a — sc is soft before i or e, hard before o or a.

  10. Show answer

    preferisco — preferire is an -isc- verb: io preferisco.

  11. 11What separates -ire from -ere in the present?
    Show answer

    the voi form (-ite vs -ete) — They split only at voi: -ire -ite vs -ere -ete.

  12. Show answer

    capiscono — loro takes -isc-: capiscono.

Recap cheat-sheet

Subject Plain (dormire) -isc- (capire)
io / tu dormo / dormi capisco / capisci
lui / lei dorme capisce
noi dormiamo capiamo (no -isc-)
voi dormite capite (no -isc-)
loro dormono capiscono

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