German Accusative Case: When der Becomes den
The accusative is the case for the direct object — the thing a verb acts on. Only masculine articles change: der becomes den and ein becomes einen (Ich sehe den Mann). Feminine die, neuter das and all plurals keep their nominative form.
Level: A1. German marks the job a noun does in a sentence with cases. The accusative is the case for the direct object — the person or thing a verb acts on. The good news: only the masculine article changes shape.
The rule
A case is a form a noun phrase takes to show its role. The subject (who does the action) is in the nominative; the direct object (who or what receives the action) is in the accusative.
In Ich sehe den Mann (“I see the man”), ich is the subject (nominative) and den Mann is the direct object (accusative). To find the direct object, ask wen oder was? (“whom or what?”) after the verb: Ich sehe — wen? — den Mann.
Here is the part that makes German kinder than it looks: only masculine words change in the accusative.
- Masculine: der becomes den, ein becomes einen (and kein → keinen, mein → meinen).
- Feminine (die, eine), neuter (das, ein) and all plurals (die) stay exactly the same as in the nominative.
So the whole accusative, for articles, is really just one change to learn: masculine -r → -n.
Article forms
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (subject) | der / ein | die / eine | das / ein | die / — |
| Accusative (object) | den / einen | die / eine | das / ein | die / — |
Only the masculine column changes. Compare a full sentence pair:
| Role | Example | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Subject (nom.) | Der Mann liest. | der |
| Object (acc.) | Ich sehe den Mann. | den |
| Subject (nom.) | Die Frau liest. | die (no change) |
| Object (acc.) | Ich sehe die Frau. | die (no change) |
Accusative pronouns
Personal pronouns have their own accusative forms, and here more than one changes — so learn them as a block:
| Nominative | Accusative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ich | mich | me |
| du | dich | you (informal) |
| er | ihn | him / it (masc.) |
| sie | sie | her / it (fem.) |
| es | es | it (neut.) |
| wir | uns | us |
| ihr | euch | you (plural) |
| sie / Sie | sie / Sie | them / you (formal) |
Note that er becomes ihn — this mirrors the masculine der → den pattern.
Verbs and prepositions that trigger it
Most common verbs take a direct object in the accusative: haben, sehen, kaufen, essen, trinken, lesen, brauchen, besuchen, lieben, suchen. If you can put wen oder was? after the verb, the answer is accusative.
A small set of prepositions is always followed by the accusative, whatever the noun does in the wider sentence. Memorise them together — a common mnemonic is durch, für, gegen, ohne, um:
- durch (through): durch den Park
- für (for): für einen Freund
- gegen (against): gegen die Wand (feminine, no change)
- ohne (without): ohne einen Plan
- um (around / at): um den Tisch
Example sentences
- Ich sehe den Mann.I see the man.der → den (masculine object)
- Ich sehe die Frau.I see the woman.die stays die
- Ich sehe das Kind.I see the child.das stays das
- Ich sehe die Kinder.I see the children.plural die stays die
- Er kauft einen Apfel.He buys an apple.ein → einen
- Sie kauft eine Lampe.She buys a lamp.eine stays eine
- Wir haben ein Auto.We have a car.neuter ein, no change
- Ich trinke den Kaffee.I drink the coffee.der Kaffee → den Kaffee
- Hast du einen Stift?Do you have a pen?der Stift → einen Stift
- Ich brauche keinen Zucker.I need no sugar.kein → keinen
- Ich besuche meinen Bruder.I am visiting my brother.mein → meinen
- Ich sehe ihn.I see him.er → ihn (pronoun)
- Siehst du mich?Do you see me?ich → mich
- Wir besuchen euch morgen.We are visiting you (plural) tomorrow.ihr → euch
- Der Hund beißt den Ball.The dog bites the ball.subject der Hund, object den Ball
- Ich gehe durch den Park.I walk through the park.durch always + accusative
- Das Geschenk ist für dich.The present is for you.für → dich
- Wir spielen ohne ihn.We are playing without him.ohne → ihn
- Ich kaufe ein Buch für meinen Vater.I buy a book for my father.für → meinen Vater
- Sie liest die Zeitung.She reads the newspaper.die Zeitung, feminine, no change
Common mistakes
- ❌ Ich sehe der Mann. → ✅ Ich sehe den Mann. The man is the object, so masculine der becomes den.
- ❌ Ich kaufe ein Apfel. → ✅ Ich kaufe einen Apfel. Masculine ein becomes einen in the accusative.
- ❌ Ich sehe das Frau. → ✅ Ich sehe die Frau. Frau is feminine; the article is die and it does not change — the error is really the gender.
- ❌ Siehst du ich? → ✅ Siehst du mich? The pronoun ich becomes mich as an object.
- ❌ Ich sehe er. → ✅ Ich sehe ihn. Er becomes ihn, just as der becomes den.
- ❌ für der Freund → ✅ für den Freund. Für always takes the accusative.
A short conversation
— Was kaufst du? (What are you buying?) — Ich kaufe einen Kuchen und eine Flasche Wein. (I’m buying a cake and a bottle of wine.) — Für den Geburtstag? (For the birthday?) — Ja, für meinen Bruder. Siehst du ihn heute? (Yes, for my brother. Are you seeing him today?)
Notice einen Kuchen (masculine, changed), eine Flasche (feminine, unchanged), den Geburtstag and meinen Bruder (masculine, after für), and ihn for “him”.
Usage notes
- Find the object with a question. Ask wen oder was? (“whom or what?”) after the verb. The answer is the accusative object: Ich lese — was? — das Buch.
- Word order is flexible, the case is not. German often moves the object to the front for emphasis: Den Mann sehe ich still means “I see the man” — den shows it is the object even in first position. The ending carries the meaning, not the position.
- -n nouns (weak nouns). A small group of masculine nouns adds -n or -en to the noun itself in the accusative: der Junge → den Jungen, der Student → den Studenten, der Name → den Namen. These are flagged in dictionaries; most masculine nouns do not do this.
- Negation uses kein. To say “not a / no”, ein becomes kein, which declines like ein: Ich habe keinen Hund (“I have no dog”).
Compared with…
- Nominative (the subject): the “dictionary” form (der, die, das). The accusative differs from it only in the masculine (den, einen). See the German articles der, die, das lesson for how gender works, and personal pronouns for the full pronoun set.
- Dative (the indirect object): the receiver, often answering wem? (“to whom?”). There der and das both become dem, die becomes der, and the plural adds -n. Do not mix them up: Ich gebe dem Mann den Ball — dem Mann (dative, to whom) and den Ball (accusative, what). The dative is a later lesson in the German grammar section.
How to say it
German spelling is regular once you know a few sounds. These are the ones English speakers get wrong in this lesson’s words:
| Sound | How to say it |
|---|---|
| ei vs ie | ei = English “eye” (einen = “EYE-nen”, mein = “mine”); ie = “ee” (sie = “zee”, liest = “leest”). |
| ch | Soft hissed “h” after e/i (ich = “ikh”, dich); hard like Scottish loch after a/o/u (Buch, auch). |
| z and -n endings | z = “ts” (Zucker = “TSOO-ker”); the accusative -en is a light “-uhn” (einen = “EYE-nuhn”). |
| w and v | w = English “v” (Wein = “vine”, wen = “vayn”); v is usually “f” (Vater = “FAH-ter”). |

Quick recap before the quiz — only the masculine article changes.
Practice
Accusative case practice
Try each one, then press Check. No sign-up, nothing is sent anywhere — it all runs in your browser.
Hint: ich as an object
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mich — The object form of ich is mich.
Hint: er as an object
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ihn — er becomes ihn, like der becomes den.
5 Build: 'I see the man.'
Show answer
Ich sehe den Mann — Subject, verb, then the accusative object den Mann.
6 Match each nominative to its accusative.
- der
- ein
- er
- ich
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- der → den
- ein → einen
- er → ihn
- ich → mich
Masculine der/ein change to den/einen; the pronouns er/ich change to ihn/mich.
Hint: durch always takes the accusative
Show answer
den — durch + accusative, and Park is masculine: den Park.
Quiz
German accusative case
13 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.
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direct object — The accusative is the case of the direct object.
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den — Masculine object: den Mann.
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einen — Masculine ein becomes einen.
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die — Feminine die does not change: die Frau.
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das — Neuter das does not change.
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ihn — er becomes ihn, mirroring der becomes den.
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mich — ich becomes mich as an object.
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einen — Masculine ein becomes einen: einen Stift.
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für — für is in the durch/für/gegen/ohne/um group.
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meinen — mein becomes meinen after für (masculine accusative).
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die — The plural stays die in the accusative.
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I see the man — den shows Mann is the object even at the front: 'I see the man'.
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meinen — mein becomes meinen for a masculine accusative object.
Recap cheat-sheet
| Nominative | Accusative | |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | der / ein | den / einen |
| Feminine | die / eine | die / eine |
| Neuter | das / ein | das / ein |
| Plural | die | die |
| Pronouns | ich / er | mich / ihn |
Next
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- Related: German Articles: Der, Die, Das and German personal pronouns
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Grammar path
A1 16 topics · 12 ready
- 01 German Articles: Der, Die, Das
- 02 Indefinite Articles: ein / eine / ein
- 03 German Personal Pronouns (ich, du, er...)
- 04 Present Tense: Regular Verbs
- 05 The Verbs sein and haben
- 06 W-Questions (wer, was, wo, wie)
- 07 Yes/No Questions (Verb First)
- 08 Stem-Changing Verbs (fahren, essen, lesen)
- 09 Basic Word Order (Verb Second)
- 10 The Accusative Case (Direct Object) You are here
- 11 Negation: nicht vs kein
- 12 Possessive Articles (mein, dein, sein)
- 13 Modal Verbs (können, müssen, wollen) Coming soon
- 14 The Imperative (Commands) Coming soon
- 15 Numbers, Time and Dates Coming soon
- 16 Common Prepositions (basic) Coming soon
A2 19 topics
- 17 The Dative Case (Indirect Object) Coming soon
- 18 Verbs with the Dative (helfen, danken) Coming soon
- 19 Accusative Prepositions (durch, für, ohne) Coming soon
- 20 Dative Prepositions (mit, nach, bei, von, zu) Coming soon
- 21 Two-Way Prepositions (Wechselpräpositionen) Coming soon
- 22 The Perfect Tense (Perfekt) Coming soon
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- 24 Past Participles (Partizip II) Coming soon
- 25 Simple Past (Präteritum): sein, haben, modals Coming soon
- 26 Separable-Prefix Verbs Coming soon
- 27 Inseparable-Prefix Verbs Coming soon
- 28 Comparative and Superlative Coming soon
- 29 Coordinating Conjunctions (und, aber, denn) Coming soon
- 30 Subordinate Clauses (weil, dass) Coming soon
- 31 Reflexive Verbs (sich freuen) Coming soon
- 32 Ein-Words in Accusative and Dative Coming soon
- 33 Pronouns in Accusative and Dative Coming soon
- 34 Requests with möchten and würden Coming soon
- 35 Ordinal Numbers and Dates Coming soon
B1 20 topics
- 36 Adjective Endings after Definite Articles Coming soon
- 37 Adjective Endings after Indefinite Articles Coming soon
- 38 Adjective Endings with No Article Coming soon
- 39 Simple Past (Präteritum): All Verbs Coming soon
- 40 Past Perfect (Plusquamperfekt) Coming soon
- 41 Future Tense (Futur I) Coming soon
- 42 The Genitive Case (Possession) Coming soon
- 43 Genitive Prepositions (wegen, trotz) Coming soon
- 44 Subordinating Conjunctions (als, wenn, obwohl) Coming soon
- 45 als vs wenn (Past vs Repeated) Coming soon
- 46 Infinitive Clauses with zu Coming soon
- 47 Purpose: um...zu vs damit Coming soon
- 48 Relative Clauses (der, die, das) Coming soon
- 49 Dative Reflexive Verbs Coming soon
- 50 Konjunktiv II: würde and Polite/Hypothetical Coming soon
- 51 Conditional Sentences (wenn-Sätze) Coming soon
- 52 Passive Voice: Present (werden) Coming soon
- 53 Verbs with Fixed Prepositions Coming soon
- 54 da- and wo- Compounds (darauf, worauf) Coming soon
- 55 Weak Nouns (N-Declension) Coming soon
B2 18 topics
- 56 Passive in All Tenses and with Modals Coming soon
- 57 Stative Passive (Zustandspassiv) Coming soon
- 58 Passive Alternatives (man, sich lassen) Coming soon
- 59 Konjunktiv II in the Past (hätte gemacht) Coming soon
- 60 Konjunktiv I and Reported Speech Coming soon
- 61 Advanced Relative Clauses (was, wo, Präposition+Pronomen) Coming soon
- 62 Nominalised Adjectives and Participles Coming soon
- 63 Participles as Adjectives (Partizip I/II) Coming soon
- 64 Extended Participle Attributes Coming soon
- 65 Two-Part Connectors (entweder...oder) Coming soon
- 66 Adverbial Connectors (deshalb, trotzdem) Coming soon
- 67 Temporal Clauses (bevor, nachdem, seitdem) Coming soon
- 68 Concessive & Conditional Clauses (obwohl, falls) Coming soon
- 69 Subjective Use of Modal Verbs Coming soon
- 70 Future Perfect (Futur II) Coming soon
- 71 Verb Valency and Objects Coming soon
- 72 Mid-Field Order: Te-Ka-Mo-Lo Coming soon
- 73 Nominal Style (Nominalisierung) Coming soon
C1 11 topics
- 74 Light-Verb Constructions (Funktionsverbgefüge) Coming soon
- 75 Advanced & Impersonal Passive Coming soon
- 76 Advanced Konjunktiv (als ob, Wunschsätze) Coming soon
- 77 Participial & Abbreviated Clauses Coming soon
- 78 Nominalisation vs Verbalisation (Umformung) Coming soon
- 79 Modal Particles (doch, ja, mal, eben, halt) Coming soon
- 80 Formal Connectors & Text Cohesion Coming soon
- 81 Advanced Genitive & Nominal Attributes Coming soon
- 82 Word Formation (Komposita & Derivation) Coming soon
- 83 Reported Speech in Extended Text Coming soon
- 84 Emphasis, Fronting and Inversion Coming soon