German grammar

German Accusative Case: When der Becomes den

Cover: German accusative case, with examples der Mann becomes den Mann, ein Apfel becomes einen Apfel
Short answer

The accusative is the case for the direct object — the thing a verb acts on. Only masculine articles change: der becomes den and ein becomes einen (Ich sehe den Mann). Feminine die, neuter das and all plurals keep their nominative form.

Level: A1. German marks the job a noun does in a sentence with cases. The accusative is the case for the direct object — the person or thing a verb acts on. The good news: only the masculine article changes shape.

The rule

A case is a form a noun phrase takes to show its role. The subject (who does the action) is in the nominative; the direct object (who or what receives the action) is in the accusative.

In Ich sehe den Mann (“I see the man”), ich is the subject (nominative) and den Mann is the direct object (accusative). To find the direct object, ask wen oder was? (“whom or what?”) after the verb: Ich sehe — wen? — den Mann.

Here is the part that makes German kinder than it looks: only masculine words change in the accusative.

  • Masculine: der becomes den, ein becomes einen (and kein → keinen, mein → meinen).
  • Feminine (die, eine), neuter (das, ein) and all plurals (die) stay exactly the same as in the nominative.

So the whole accusative, for articles, is really just one change to learn: masculine -r → -n.

Article forms

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative (subject) der / ein die / eine das / ein die / —
Accusative (object) den / einen die / eine das / ein die / —

Only the masculine column changes. Compare a full sentence pair:

Role Example Article
Subject (nom.) Der Mann liest. der
Object (acc.) Ich sehe den Mann. den
Subject (nom.) Die Frau liest. die (no change)
Object (acc.) Ich sehe die Frau. die (no change)

Accusative pronouns

Personal pronouns have their own accusative forms, and here more than one changes — so learn them as a block:

Nominative Accusative Meaning
ich mich me
du dich you (informal)
er ihn him / it (masc.)
sie sie her / it (fem.)
es es it (neut.)
wir uns us
ihr euch you (plural)
sie / Sie sie / Sie them / you (formal)

Note that er becomes ihn — this mirrors the masculine der → den pattern.

Verbs and prepositions that trigger it

Most common verbs take a direct object in the accusative: haben, sehen, kaufen, essen, trinken, lesen, brauchen, besuchen, lieben, suchen. If you can put wen oder was? after the verb, the answer is accusative.

A small set of prepositions is always followed by the accusative, whatever the noun does in the wider sentence. Memorise them together — a common mnemonic is durch, für, gegen, ohne, um:

  • durch (through): durch den Park
  • für (for): für einen Freund
  • gegen (against): gegen die Wand (feminine, no change)
  • ohne (without): ohne einen Plan
  • um (around / at): um den Tisch

Example sentences

  1. Ich sehe den Mann.
    I see the man.
    der → den (masculine object)
  2. Ich sehe die Frau.
    I see the woman.
    die stays die
  3. Ich sehe das Kind.
    I see the child.
    das stays das
  4. Ich sehe die Kinder.
    I see the children.
    plural die stays die
  5. Er kauft einen Apfel.
    He buys an apple.
    ein → einen
  6. Sie kauft eine Lampe.
    She buys a lamp.
    eine stays eine
  7. Wir haben ein Auto.
    We have a car.
    neuter ein, no change
  8. Ich trinke den Kaffee.
    I drink the coffee.
    der Kaffee → den Kaffee
  9. Hast du einen Stift?
    Do you have a pen?
    der Stift → einen Stift
  10. Ich brauche keinen Zucker.
    I need no sugar.
    kein → keinen
  11. Ich besuche meinen Bruder.
    I am visiting my brother.
    mein → meinen
  12. Ich sehe ihn.
    I see him.
    er → ihn (pronoun)
  13. Siehst du mich?
    Do you see me?
    ich → mich
  14. Wir besuchen euch morgen.
    We are visiting you (plural) tomorrow.
    ihr → euch
  15. Der Hund beißt den Ball.
    The dog bites the ball.
    subject der Hund, object den Ball
  16. Ich gehe durch den Park.
    I walk through the park.
    durch always + accusative
  17. Das Geschenk ist für dich.
    The present is for you.
    für → dich
  18. Wir spielen ohne ihn.
    We are playing without him.
    ohne → ihn
  19. Ich kaufe ein Buch für meinen Vater.
    I buy a book for my father.
    für → meinen Vater
  20. Sie liest die Zeitung.
    She reads the newspaper.
    die Zeitung, feminine, no change

Common mistakes

  • ❌ Ich sehe der Mann. → ✅ Ich sehe den Mann. The man is the object, so masculine der becomes den.
  • ❌ Ich kaufe ein Apfel. → ✅ Ich kaufe einen Apfel. Masculine ein becomes einen in the accusative.
  • ❌ Ich sehe das Frau. → ✅ Ich sehe die Frau. Frau is feminine; the article is die and it does not change — the error is really the gender.
  • ❌ Siehst du ich? → ✅ Siehst du mich? The pronoun ich becomes mich as an object.
  • ❌ Ich sehe er. → ✅ Ich sehe ihn. Er becomes ihn, just as der becomes den.
  • ❌ für der Freund → ✅ für den Freund. Für always takes the accusative.

A short conversation

— Was kaufst du? (What are you buying?) — Ich kaufe einen Kuchen und eine Flasche Wein. (I’m buying a cake and a bottle of wine.) — Für den Geburtstag? (For the birthday?) — Ja, für meinen Bruder. Siehst du ihn heute? (Yes, for my brother. Are you seeing him today?)

Notice einen Kuchen (masculine, changed), eine Flasche (feminine, unchanged), den Geburtstag and meinen Bruder (masculine, after für), and ihn for “him”.

Usage notes

  • Find the object with a question. Ask wen oder was? (“whom or what?”) after the verb. The answer is the accusative object: Ich lese — was? — das Buch.
  • Word order is flexible, the case is not. German often moves the object to the front for emphasis: Den Mann sehe ich still means “I see the man” — den shows it is the object even in first position. The ending carries the meaning, not the position.
  • -n nouns (weak nouns). A small group of masculine nouns adds -n or -en to the noun itself in the accusative: der Junge → den Jungen, der Student → den Studenten, der Name → den Namen. These are flagged in dictionaries; most masculine nouns do not do this.
  • Negation uses kein. To say “not a / no”, ein becomes kein, which declines like ein: Ich habe keinen Hund (“I have no dog”).

Compared with…

  • Nominative (the subject): the “dictionary” form (der, die, das). The accusative differs from it only in the masculine (den, einen). See the German articles der, die, das lesson for how gender works, and personal pronouns for the full pronoun set.
  • Dative (the indirect object): the receiver, often answering wem? (“to whom?”). There der and das both become dem, die becomes der, and the plural adds -n. Do not mix them up: Ich gebe dem Mann den Ball — dem Mann (dative, to whom) and den Ball (accusative, what). The dative is a later lesson in the German grammar section.

How to say it

German spelling is regular once you know a few sounds. These are the ones English speakers get wrong in this lesson’s words:

Sound How to say it
ei vs ie ei = English “eye” (einen = “EYE-nen”, mein = “mine”); ie = “ee” (sie = “zee”, liest = “leest”).
ch Soft hissed “h” after e/i (ich = “ikh”, dich); hard like Scottish loch after a/o/u (Buch, auch).
z and -n endings z = “ts” (Zucker = “TSOO-ker”); the accusative -en is a light “-uhn” (einen = “EYE-nuhn”).
w and v w = English “v” (Wein = “vine”, wen = “vayn”); v is usually “f” (Vater = “FAH-ter”).

Recap card for the German accusative case with the article changes and a friendly study buddy

Quick recap before the quiz — only the masculine article changes.

Practice

Practice

Accusative case practice

Try each one, then press Check. No sign-up, nothing is sent anywhere — it all runs in your browser.

1 Ich sehe ___ Mann. (the man, object)
Show answer

den — Masculine object: der becomes den.

2 Ich kaufe ___ Apfel. (an apple)
Show answer

einen — Masculine ein becomes einen in the accusative.

Hint: ich as an object

Show answer

mich — The object form of ich is mich.

Hint: er as an object

Show answer

ihn — er becomes ihn, like der becomes den.

5 Build: 'I see the man.'

Show answer

Ich sehe den Mann — Subject, verb, then the accusative object den Mann.

6 Match each nominative to its accusative.

  • der
  • ein
  • er
  • ich
Show answer
  • der → den
  • ein → einen
  • er → ihn
  • ich → mich

Masculine der/ein change to den/einen; the pronouns er/ich change to ihn/mich.

7 Which word does NOT change in the accusative?
Show answer

die (fem.) — Feminine die stays die; only masculine forms change.

Hint: durch always takes the accusative

Show answer

den — durch + accusative, and Park is masculine: den Park.

Quiz

Check yourself

German accusative case

13 questions · pick an answer and you'll see straight away if it's right.

0/13 0 answered
  1. 1The accusative marks the…
    Show answer

    direct object — The accusative is the case of the direct object.

  2. 2Ich sehe ___ Mann.
    Show answer

    den — Masculine object: den Mann.

  3. 3Er kauft ___ Apfel. (an apple)
    Show answer

    einen — Masculine ein becomes einen.

  4. 4Ich sehe ___ Frau. (the woman)
    Show answer

    die — Feminine die does not change: die Frau.

  5. 5Ich sehe ___ Kind. (the child)
    Show answer

    das — Neuter das does not change.

  6. 6The accusative of 'er' (he) is…
    Show answer

    ihn — er becomes ihn, mirroring der becomes den.

  7. 7The accusative of 'ich' is…
    Show answer

    mich — ich becomes mich as an object.

  8. Show answer

    einen — Masculine ein becomes einen: einen Stift.

  9. 9Which preposition always takes the accusative?
    Show answer

    für — für is in the durch/für/gegen/ohne/um group.

  10. 10für ___ Freund (my friend, masculine)
    Show answer

    meinen — mein becomes meinen after für (masculine accusative).

  11. 11Which plural article is used for an accusative object?
    Show answer

    die — The plural stays die in the accusative.

  12. 12'Den Mann sehe ich' means…
    Show answer

    I see the man — den shows Mann is the object even at the front: 'I see the man'.

  13. Show answer

    meinen — mein becomes meinen for a masculine accusative object.

Recap cheat-sheet

Nominative Accusative
Masculine der / ein den / einen
Feminine die / eine die / eine
Neuter das / ein das / ein
Plural die die
Pronouns ich / er mich / ihn

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A1 16 topics · 12 ready
  1. 01 German Articles: Der, Die, Das
  2. 02 Indefinite Articles: ein / eine / ein
  3. 03 German Personal Pronouns (ich, du, er...)
  4. 04 Present Tense: Regular Verbs
  5. 05 The Verbs sein and haben
  6. 06 W-Questions (wer, was, wo, wie)
  7. 07 Yes/No Questions (Verb First)
  8. 08 Stem-Changing Verbs (fahren, essen, lesen)
  9. 09 Basic Word Order (Verb Second)
  10. 10 The Accusative Case (Direct Object) You are here
  11. 11 Negation: nicht vs kein
  12. 12 Possessive Articles (mein, dein, sein)
  13. 13 Modal Verbs (können, müssen, wollen) Coming soon
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  16. 16 Common Prepositions (basic) Coming soon
A2 19 topics
  1. 17 The Dative Case (Indirect Object) Coming soon
  2. 18 Verbs with the Dative (helfen, danken) Coming soon
  3. 19 Accusative Prepositions (durch, für, ohne) Coming soon
  4. 20 Dative Prepositions (mit, nach, bei, von, zu) Coming soon
  5. 21 Two-Way Prepositions (Wechselpräpositionen) Coming soon
  6. 22 The Perfect Tense (Perfekt) Coming soon
  7. 23 Perfekt: Choosing haben or sein Coming soon
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  9. 25 Simple Past (Präteritum): sein, haben, modals Coming soon
  10. 26 Separable-Prefix Verbs Coming soon
  11. 27 Inseparable-Prefix Verbs Coming soon
  12. 28 Comparative and Superlative Coming soon
  13. 29 Coordinating Conjunctions (und, aber, denn) Coming soon
  14. 30 Subordinate Clauses (weil, dass) Coming soon
  15. 31 Reflexive Verbs (sich freuen) Coming soon
  16. 32 Ein-Words in Accusative and Dative Coming soon
  17. 33 Pronouns in Accusative and Dative Coming soon
  18. 34 Requests with möchten and würden Coming soon
  19. 35 Ordinal Numbers and Dates Coming soon
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  1. 36 Adjective Endings after Definite Articles Coming soon
  2. 37 Adjective Endings after Indefinite Articles Coming soon
  3. 38 Adjective Endings with No Article Coming soon
  4. 39 Simple Past (Präteritum): All Verbs Coming soon
  5. 40 Past Perfect (Plusquamperfekt) Coming soon
  6. 41 Future Tense (Futur I) Coming soon
  7. 42 The Genitive Case (Possession) Coming soon
  8. 43 Genitive Prepositions (wegen, trotz) Coming soon
  9. 44 Subordinating Conjunctions (als, wenn, obwohl) Coming soon
  10. 45 als vs wenn (Past vs Repeated) Coming soon
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  12. 47 Purpose: um...zu vs damit Coming soon
  13. 48 Relative Clauses (der, die, das) Coming soon
  14. 49 Dative Reflexive Verbs Coming soon
  15. 50 Konjunktiv II: würde and Polite/Hypothetical Coming soon
  16. 51 Conditional Sentences (wenn-Sätze) Coming soon
  17. 52 Passive Voice: Present (werden) Coming soon
  18. 53 Verbs with Fixed Prepositions Coming soon
  19. 54 da- and wo- Compounds (darauf, worauf) Coming soon
  20. 55 Weak Nouns (N-Declension) Coming soon
B2 18 topics
  1. 56 Passive in All Tenses and with Modals Coming soon
  2. 57 Stative Passive (Zustandspassiv) Coming soon
  3. 58 Passive Alternatives (man, sich lassen) Coming soon
  4. 59 Konjunktiv II in the Past (hätte gemacht) Coming soon
  5. 60 Konjunktiv I and Reported Speech Coming soon
  6. 61 Advanced Relative Clauses (was, wo, Präposition+Pronomen) Coming soon
  7. 62 Nominalised Adjectives and Participles Coming soon
  8. 63 Participles as Adjectives (Partizip I/II) Coming soon
  9. 64 Extended Participle Attributes Coming soon
  10. 65 Two-Part Connectors (entweder...oder) Coming soon
  11. 66 Adverbial Connectors (deshalb, trotzdem) Coming soon
  12. 67 Temporal Clauses (bevor, nachdem, seitdem) Coming soon
  13. 68 Concessive & Conditional Clauses (obwohl, falls) Coming soon
  14. 69 Subjective Use of Modal Verbs Coming soon
  15. 70 Future Perfect (Futur II) Coming soon
  16. 71 Verb Valency and Objects Coming soon
  17. 72 Mid-Field Order: Te-Ka-Mo-Lo Coming soon
  18. 73 Nominal Style (Nominalisierung) Coming soon
C1 11 topics
  1. 74 Light-Verb Constructions (Funktionsverbgefüge) Coming soon
  2. 75 Advanced & Impersonal Passive Coming soon
  3. 76 Advanced Konjunktiv (als ob, Wunschsätze) Coming soon
  4. 77 Participial & Abbreviated Clauses Coming soon
  5. 78 Nominalisation vs Verbalisation (Umformung) Coming soon
  6. 79 Modal Particles (doch, ja, mal, eben, halt) Coming soon
  7. 80 Formal Connectors & Text Cohesion Coming soon
  8. 81 Advanced Genitive & Nominal Attributes Coming soon
  9. 82 Word Formation (Komposita & Derivation) Coming soon
  10. 83 Reported Speech in Extended Text Coming soon
  11. 84 Emphasis, Fronting and Inversion Coming soon